Prolonged Fasting

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Takeaways2
2025-01-28 20-11-31Prolonged Fasting for at least 9 days may induce Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) symmetric Self-Renewal
2025-01-28 20-08-19Refeeding after Prolonged Fasting for at least 3 days may induce whole-body reduction of Senescent Cells
Insights50
2025-01-30 14-56-06The total number of cycling Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in mouse bone marrow increases by the end of 72-hour Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-30 14-55-51The total number of cells in the bone marrow of mice is no different between mice at the end of 72-hour Prolonged Fasting vs. non-fasting mice.
2025-01-30 14-54-39The total number of Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in mouse bone marrow increases by the end of 72-hour Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-30 14-45-54The ratio of BrdU+ Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) to total bone marrow cells in mouse bone marrow is increased in mice after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared to non-fasting mice
2025-01-30 14-44-30The ratio of Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) to total CD45+ cells increases for LT-HSCs isolated from the BM of mice after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared to those of non-fasted mice upon 3-day co-culture with Lin-CD45- stromal cells from the bone marrow of 72-hour-fasted mice
2025-01-30 14-43-30The ratio of Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) to total CD45+ cells increases for LT-HSCs isolated from the bone marrow of mice after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting mice compared to those of non-fasted mice upon 3-day co-culture with Lin-CD45- stromal cells from the bone marrow of non-fasted mice
2025-01-30 14-41-07The ratio of total Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) to total bone marrow cells in mouse bone marrow is increased in mice after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared to non-fasting mice
2025-01-30 14-40-02The reduction in circulating IGF1 availability during fasting is responsible for the fasting-induced symmetric Self-Renewal of mouse Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-30 14-28-44The enhanced Self-Renewal program of Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) from mice after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting is inherent to the LT-HSC cells and not related to the BM stromal niche cells
2025-01-30 14-22-58The % of mouse Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in S-G2-M is increased at the end of 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared with non-fasting mice
2025-01-30 14-21-44The % of mouse Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in G1 Phase is increased at the end of 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared with non-fasting mice
2025-01-30 14-20-22The % of mouse Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in G0 Phase is reduced at the end of 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared with non-fasting mice
2025-01-30 14-07-34Refeeding with ~0.4 g/kg protein after 5-day Prolonged Fasting allows serum IGF1 levels to continue decreasing when refeeding with 552-799 kcal/day (10.8 kcal/kg) but not 1797-2579 kcal/day (35.1 kcal/kg)
2025-01-30 13-51-11Plasma levels of IGFBP1 are increased by 11.4-fold after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared with non-fasted mice
2025-01-30 13-51-06Plasma levels of IGFBP3 are decreased by 42% in mice after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared with non-fasting mice
2025-01-30 12-28-26Plasma levels of IGF1 are reduced by 70% in mice after 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared with non-fasting mice
2025-01-30 12-22-21Mice have a blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of ~2.25 mM after 48 hours of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-29 11-25-02Prolonged Fasting for 9 days after 3 days of Calorie Restriction reduces serum IGF1 by at least 71%
2025-01-30 12-10-44It takes 48-72 hours of Prolonged Fasting for Protein Kinase A (PKA) activity to decrease in the bone marrow cells of mice
2025-01-30 12-05-44Injecting IGF1 into fasting mice prevented an increase in the ratio of Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) to total bone marrow cells at 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting compared with 72-hour-fasted mice that were not injected with IGF1 while fasting
2025-01-30 11-55-39Injecting IGF1 into fasting mice prevented an increase in the number of Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) at 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting compared with 72-hour-fasted mice that were not injected with IGF1 while fasting
2025-01-29 11-26-23Prolonged Fasting for 9 days reduces circulating IGF1 by 71%
2025-01-29 11-24-44Prolonged Fasting for 72 hours induces symmetric Self-Renewal of mouse Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs)
2025-01-29 11-24-22Prolonged Fasting for 72 hours reduces circulating IGF1 levels by 70-75% in mice
2025-01-29 11-23-24Prolonged Fasting for 7 days reduces circulating IGF1 by 62%
2025-01-29 11-06-02Prolonged Fasting for 3 days reduces circulating IGF1 levels by 41-54%
2025-01-29 11-05-25Prolonged Fasting for 7 days after 3 days of Calorie Restriction reduces serum IGF1 by at least 62%
2025-01-29 11-04-37Prolonged Fasting for 5 days reduces serum IGF1 by 64%
2025-01-29 11-04-24Prolonged Fasting for 5 days reduces circulating IGF1 levels by 53-64%
2025-01-29 11-03-54Prolonged Fasting for 5 days after 3 days of Calorie Restriction reduces serum IGF1 by at least 53%
2025-01-29 11-02-49Prolonged Fasting for 4 days reduces serum IGF1 levels by 59%
2025-01-29 11-02-36Prolonged Fasting for 4 days reduces circulating IGF1 levels by 59%
2025-01-29 11-01-45Prolonged Fasting for 3 days reduces serum IGF1 by 54%
2025-01-29 11-01-02Prolonged Fasting for 3 days reduces serum IGF1 by 42%
2025-01-29 11-00-47Prolonged Fasting for 3 days after 3 days of Calorie Restriction reduces serum IGF1 by at least 41%
2025-01-29 10-57-40Prolonged Fasting for 10 days after 3 days of Calorie Restriction reduces serum IGF1 by at least 75%
2025-01-29 10-52-38Prolonged Fasting for 10 days reduces circulating IGF1 by 75%
2025-01-29 10-47-07Circulating IGF1 is reduced by ~75% at the end of 72-hour Prolonged Fasting compared with non-fasting mice
2025-01-29 10-35-559 days of water-only Prolonged Fasting in humans is equivalent to a 3-day water-only fast in mice in terms of its effects on IGF1 availability
2025-01-29 10-27-593 days of water-only Prolonged Fasting is at least equivalent to a 4-day mouse Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) in terms of its effects on IGF1 availability
2025-01-29 10-23-0372 hours of Prolonged Fasting around Chemotherapy is better at keeping blood Lymphocyte counts from reducing than fasting for 24 hours around chemotherapy for platinum-based doublet chemotherapy
2025-01-29 10-17-2648 hours of Prolonged Fasting reduces serum IGF1 by ~66% in 6-month-old mice
2025-01-29 10-17-2248 hours of Prolonged Fasting does not reduce serum IGF1 in 24-month-old mice
2025-01-20 19-12-04Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) have reduced RNA content in mice at the end of 2.5-day Prolonged Fasting compared to non-fasted mice as assessed by Pyronin Y
2025-01-20 19-29-10Fewer Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) from mice undergoing 2.5-day Prolonged Fasting are in S Phase at 72 hours after muscle injury compared to non-fasted mice as assessed by EdU incorporation
2025-01-20 19-21-47Fewer Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) enter S Phase when cultured ex vivo when the stem cells are isolated from mice after 2.5-day Prolonged Fasting mice compared to non-fasted mice as assessed by EdU incorporation
2025-01-20 19-17-51Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) exhibit reduced basal oxygen consumption at the end of 2.5-day Prolonged Fasting in mice compared with non-fasted mice
2025-01-20 18-42-42Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) have ~40% reduced content of Mitochondria (number and/or size) in mice at the end of 2.5-day Prolonged Fasting compared to non-fasted mice as assessed by MitoTracker
2025-01-20 18-28-57Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) enter a state of Deep Quiescence at the end of 2.5-day Prolonged Fasting in mice
2025-01-20 15-44-11Mice have a blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of ~2.75 mM after 60 hours of Prolonged Fasting
Quick Notes19
2025-01-27 14-42-03Supplementing 8542 mg Bicarbonate per day prevents an increase in urinary Calcium (Ca) excretion that happens during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-23-51Supplementing 2 meq/kg/day Bicarbonate does not prevent the fall in certain serum markers of Bone Formation during Prolonged Fasting
2025-02-02 14-12-44Serum Norepinephrine increases at various timepoints throughout 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting
2025-02-02 14-11-26Serum Epinephrine increases at various timepoints throughout 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 16-44-38Serum Myostatin stays reduced during 3 months of Refeeding after 14 days of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 16-40-57Serum Myostatin is reduced during 14 days of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 15-31-14Serum Insulin is reduced to ~50% of its original value at the end of a 4-day fast during Prolonged Fasting in nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-29-41Serum IGFBP1 increases to >3x its original value at the end of a 4-day fast during Prolonged Fasting in nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-26-04Serum IGF1 is reduced by 37% at the end of a 96-hour fast during Prolonged Fasting in nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-25-06Serum IGF1 is reduced by 16% at the end of a 48-hour fast during Prolonged Fasting in nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-22-17People with Type 2 Diabetes do not experience the same changes in IGF1 during Prolonged Fasting as non-diabetics
2025-01-27 15-21-24Obese people do not experience the same changes in IGF1 during Prolonged Fasting as nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-12-29IGFBP1 may increase by 445% or more by day 3 of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-42-57Supplementing 8542 mg Bicarbonate per day does not prevent the fall in certain serum markers of Bone Formation during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-41-07Supplementing 8542 mg Bicarbonate per day prevents the increase in serum Calcium (Ca) levels during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-22-00Supplementing 2 meq/kg/day Bicarbonate prevents an increase in urinary calcium excretion that happens during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-20-57Supplementing 2 meq/kg/day Bicarbonate prevents the increase in serum calcium levels during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-20-00Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels fall during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-18-05Serum Bicarbonate levels fall during Prolonged Fasting
Assumptions6
2025-01-28 21-32-52The reduction in IGF1 availability during a fast is responsible for the effects of Prolonged Fasting and Refeeding on Senescent Cells
2025-01-28 21-25-34The mice in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 underwent 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting when their tissues were harvested unless explicitly stated otherwise.
2025-01-28 21-21-27The increase in Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) asymmetric Self-Renewal seen after 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting in mouse bone marrow in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 was not triggered earlier in the fasting time
2025-01-28 21-13-21The control values for serum IGF1 in clemmonsReductionPlasmaImmunoreactive1981 were measured at the 3rd day of Calorie Restriction immediately before the Prolonged Fasting period started
2025-01-28 21-12-39The Calorie Restriction before Prolonged Fasting in clemmonsReductionPlasmaImmunoreactive1981 did not affect the changes in serum IGF1 levels seen during the fast
2025-01-28 21-07-52Other types of stem cells in the bone marrow (e.g. Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells (VSELs)) were not responsible for the increase in Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) after Prolonged Fasting in 72-hour-fasted mice in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014