Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB)

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Takeaways3
2025-02-02 15-23-28Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can protect against Hypoglycemia-induced reductions in Cognitive Performance
2025-01-31 15-33-37Following a Ketogenic Diet with blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels ~1.4-2.0 mM intermittently may be better than following it continuously, regardless of protein intake, due to the accumulation of Senescent Cells.
2025-01-31 14-37-21A protein-restricted Ketogenic Diet may reduce the progression of Osteoarthritis when blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels are maintained ~3.0 mM and there is no weight loss.
Insights12
2025-01-30 12-22-21Mice have a blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of ~2.25 mM after 48 hours of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-20 20-41-50Fewer Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) from mice treated with intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg/kg/day Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) + 200 mg/kg/day Acetoacetate (AcAc) are in S Phase compared to control mice as assessed by Edu incorporation
2025-01-20 20-37-16Fewer Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) enter S Phase when cultured ex vivo when the stem cells are isolated from mice treated with 3x/day intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg/kg Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) + 200 mg/kg Acetoacetate (AcAc) compared to control mice as assessed by EdU incorporation
2025-01-20 20-32-54Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) exhibit reduced basal oxygen consumption at the end of 7 days of 3x/day intraperitoneal 200 mg/kg Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) + 200 mg/kg Acetoacetate (AcAc) injections in mice compared with control mice
2025-01-20 20-19-43Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) have reduced content of Mitochondria (number and/or size) in mice at the end of 7 days of 3x/day intraperitoneal 200 mg/kg Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) + 200 mg/kg Acetoacetate (AcAc) injections compared to control mice as assessed by MitoTracker and MitoSox
2025-01-20 20-12-30Muscle Stem Cells (MuSCs, Satellite Stem Cells) enter a state of Deep Quiescence at the end of 1 week of 3x/day intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg/kg Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) + 200 mg/kg Acetoacetate (AcAc) in mice
2025-01-20 16-46-34Mice following a Ketogenic Diet for 20 days have a blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of ~2.1 mM
2025-01-20 16-08-05The capacity of mouse muscle for Regeneration may be reduced when blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels are ~2.25 mM at the time of injury compared to ~1.9-2.25 mM
2025-01-20 16-01-27The capability of mouse muscle for Regeneration may be reduced when blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels are ~1.9-2.25 mM at the time of injury compared to ~0.4 mM
2025-01-20 15-44-11Mice have a blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of ~2.75 mM after 60 hours of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-20 15-42-14Mice fasting for 24 hours have a blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of ~1.9 mM
2025-01-20 15-39-52Non-fasting mice can have a resting blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of ~0.4 mM
Quick Notes14
2025-02-02 15-20-05Cognitive Performance during Hypoglycemia is not reduced in people with Type 1 Diabetes when they take Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) during hypoglycemia due to an increase in plasma Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB)
2025-02-02 15-15-56Synaptic activity of rat hippocampal brain slices is improved by Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) during Hypoglycemia in vitro
2025-02-02 14-53-51Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) increase plasma levels of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in people with Type 1 Diabetes even when plasma Insulin levels are increased
2025-02-02 12-15-01Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels increase to ~2.2 mM after 60 hours of Fasting
2025-01-31 16-36-26Following a Ketogenic Diet continuously for 6 months while maintaining blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels between 0.5-3.0 mM can increase circulating markers of Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype.
2025-01-31 16-13-08In vitro exposure of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) to 4 mM Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) induces Quiescence.
2025-01-31 16-08-45In vitro exposure of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) to 4 mM Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) reduces the accumulation of Senescent Cells.
2025-01-31 16-05-19In vitro exposure to 4 mM Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) reduces the percentage of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in S Phase.
2025-01-31 16-03-29In vitro exposure to 4 mM Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increases the percentage of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in G0 Phase.
2025-01-31 15-16-59A Ketogenic Diet can cause the accumulation of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-β-gal)/Senescent Cells in multiple organs in mice compared to a control diet independent of weight when Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels are maintained ~1.4-1.8 mM in the ketogenic group and ~0.8-1.0 mM in the control group. Ketogenic diet protein composition 10% of calories and control diet protein composition 10% of calories.
2025-01-31 14-40-42A Ketogenic Diet can cause the accumulation of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-β-gal)/Senescent Cells in multiple organs in mice compared to a control diet independent of weight when blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels are maintained ~1.4-2.0 mM in the ketogenic diet group and ~0.8-0.9 mM in the control group. Ketogenic diet protein composition 9.2% of calories vs. control diet protein composition 25% of calories.
2025-01-31 14-23-42 A Ketogenic Diet can worsen the progression of Knee Osteoarthritis in mice who maintain Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels ~ 1.28 mM compared to control rats with BHB levels ~0.87 mM when ketogenic-diet-fed mice lose weight post-injury and control mice do not. This is potentially due to ketogenic-diet-induced changes in the Gut Microbiome. Ketogenic diet protein composition 22.4% of calories and control diet protein composition 24% of calories.
2025-01-28 19-22-32A Ketogenic Diet can reduce the progression of Knee Osteoarthritis via inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in rats who maintain Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels ~ 3.0 mM compared to control rats with BHB levels ~0.4-0.8 mM independent of weight. Ketogenic diet protein composition ~10.9% kcal and control diet protein composition ~18.3% kcal.
2025-01-28 19-00-13Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can increase the level of the H3K27me3-demethylase JMJD3
Assumptions2
2025-01-29 09-39-30The results shown in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022 - Figure 1C are due specifically to blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels and not to other physiological changes that occur during fasting
2025-01-20 16-49-31The blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of mice did not change between day 20 of a Ketogenic Diet and when they were sacrificed post-injury in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022