Quick Notes

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2025-01-17 14-11-49	Collagen acts as an Emulsifier
2025-01-17 14-20-15	Emulsifying Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) increases Ketogenesis from MCTs
2025-01-17 14-20-29	Emulsifying Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) reduces stomach upset from MCTs
2025-01-18 15-50-16	Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) can be used as an Emulsifier
2025-01-22 12-18-55	Vitamin A does not increase serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-22 12-21-51	Vitamin A can up-regulate Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase
2025-01-22 12-23-51	Vitamin A can induce the synthesis of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
2025-01-22 12-25-51	Lower levels of serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) are associated with increased Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in the Lumbar Spine in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-22 12-26-56	Increased levels of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate (PLP, Vitamin B6) and Phosphoethanolamine (PEA) are associated with increased Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in the lumbar spine of patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-22 12-28-31	Increased Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in the lumbar spine of patients with Hypophosphatasia is associated with increased risk of fracture
2025-01-22 12-33-11	Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the femoral neck is not associated with Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-22 12-36-35	Correcting a Vitamin D deficiency does not alter serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-22 12-40-53	Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) can be elevated by Hyperparathyroidism in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-22 12-56-24	Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism present with Hypocalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia
2025-01-22 12-57-26	Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism are usually accompanied by low Vitamin D levels
2025-01-22 12-58-47	Patients with Hypoparathyroidism usually have normal levels of Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase
2025-01-22 12-59-32	Patients with Pseudohypoparathyroidism usually have increased activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
2025-01-22 13-03-38	Vitamin D deficiency can elevate serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels
2025-01-22 13-04-08	Vitamin D deficiency may not elevate Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-22 13-09-07	Hypophosphatasia patients with ALPL variants can be identified based on Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) < 25 IU/L and Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate (PLP, Vitamin B6) > 180 nmol/L
2025-01-22 13-14-13	L-Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid (L-BHB, S-BHB) accumulates in tissues to a greater degree than D-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (D-BHB, R-BHB)
2025-01-22 13-21-20	Hypoparathyroidism can cause muscle spasms and paresthesias around the mouth
2025-01-22 17-12-41	Increasing the dose of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) up to 42g can increase Ketogenesis when taken with Carbohydrates
2025-01-22 17-22-21	Breath Acetone increases for increasing Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) doses up to 100 grams
2025-01-22 17-26-59	Tendon Calcification can be resolved on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
2025-01-22 17-27-22	Pain from Tendon Calcification can be resolved using Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
2025-01-22 17-33-26	Central Canal Stenosis of the Cervical Spine can cause Polyneuropathy in the arms and legs
2025-01-22 17-39-46	Prolotherapy can help with symptoms from Craniocervical Instability (CCI)
2025-01-22 17-46-56	Stress stimulates Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL, likely via Catecholamines
2025-01-22 17-47-42	Glucose suppresses the Stress-induced stimulation of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL, likely via Insulin
2025-01-22 17-53-15	GLP-1 Receptor Agonists can improve Neuropathy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes
2025-01-22 17-59-49	Niacin (VItamin B3) and Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate (PLP, Vitamin B6) accelerate muscle regeneration
2025-01-22 18-06-02	Poly-Betahydroxybutyrate (Poly-BHB) can act as a Prebiotic
2025-01-22 18-10-32	Scraping can help resolve Tendinopathy
2025-01-23 14-44-20	Taking 67.5 mmol Bicarbonate per day can reduce markers of Bone Resorption
2025-01-23 14-52-57	Taking 1.5 L 2172 mg/L Bicarbonate per day can reduce markers of Bone Resorption
2025-01-23 18-09-03	Nutritional Ketosis is achieved by day 3 of a Ketogenic Diet
2025-01-23 18-12-27	Blood pH does not change before vs. after following a Ketogenic Diet
2025-01-27 13-55-37	The Bicarbonate ion has a Molecular Weight of 61.017 g/mol
2025-01-27 13-56-52	67.5 mmol Bicarbonate is equivalent to 4119 mg
2025-01-27 14-00-05	Taking 3258 mg Bicarbonate per day can reduce markers of Bone Resorption
2025-01-27 14-12-51	Reducing Blood pH causes Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts
2025-01-27 14-18-05	Serum Bicarbonate levels fall during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-20-00	Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels fall during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-20-57	Supplementing 2 meq/kg/day Bicarbonate prevents the increase in serum calcium levels during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-22-00	Supplementing 2 meq/kg/day Bicarbonate prevents an increase in urinary calcium excretion that happens during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-23-51	Supplementing 2 meq/kg/day Bicarbonate does not prevent the fall in certain serum markers of Bone Formation during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-35-23	A Bicarbonate dose of 2 meq/kg/day is equivalent to 8542 mg bicarbonate for a 70-kg person
2025-01-27 14-37-49	Taking 4119 mg Bicarbonate per day can reduce markers of Bone Resorption
2025-01-27 14-41-07	Supplementing 8542 mg Bicarbonate per day prevents the increase in serum Calcium (Ca) levels during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-42-03	Supplementing 8542 mg Bicarbonate per day prevents an increase in urinary Calcium (Ca) excretion that happens during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 14-42-57	Supplementing 8542 mg Bicarbonate per day does not prevent the fall in certain serum markers of Bone Formation during Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 15-12-29	IGFBP1 may increase by 445% or more by day 3 of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 15-21-24	Obese people do not experience the same changes in IGF1 during Prolonged Fasting as nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-22-17	People with Type 2 Diabetes do not experience the same changes in IGF1 during Prolonged Fasting as non-diabetics
2025-01-27 15-25-06	Serum IGF1 is reduced by 16% at the end of a 48-hour fast during Prolonged Fasting in nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-26-04	Serum IGF1 is reduced by 37% at the end of a 96-hour fast during Prolonged Fasting in nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-29-41	Serum IGFBP1 increases to >3x its original value at the end of a 4-day fast during Prolonged Fasting in nonobese people
2025-01-27 15-31-14	Serum Insulin is reduced to ~50% of its original value at the end of a 4-day fast during Prolonged Fasting in nonobese people
2025-01-27 16-20-59	Restricting just one of the Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) (Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, or Threonine) reduces plasma IGF1 levels by 34% in mice
2025-01-27 16-23-55	Complete Protein Restriction reduces plasma IGF1 levels by 50% in mice
2025-01-27 16-29-31	Restricting certain Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) increases plasma IGFBP1 levels to up to 2x its normal value in mice
2025-01-27 16-31-53	Complete Protein Restriction increases plasma IGFBP1 to ~7x its normal value in mice
2025-01-27 16-38-44	Rapamycin restores the Self-Renewal capability of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) in mice
2025-01-27 16-40-57	Serum Myostatin is reduced during 14 days of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-27 16-44-38	Serum Myostatin stays reduced during 3 months of Refeeding after 14 days of Prolonged Fasting
2025-01-28 18-56-34	All cell types produce Tissue Non-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNSALP)
2025-01-28 18-56-43	Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is generally high in patients with Hypoparathyroidism
2025-01-28 18-57-19	Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is activated by divalent cations including Magnesium (Mg), Cobalt (Co), and Manganese (Mn)
2025-01-28 18-58-50	Adult presentation of Hypophosphatasia includes a wide variety of symptoms such as metatarsal stress fractures, chronic muscle pain, reduced muscle strength, and bone pain
2025-01-28 19-00-13	Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can increase the level of the H3K27me3-demethylase JMJD3
2025-01-28 19-04-29	Forskolin inhibits the progression of Intervertebral Disc (IVD) degeneration
2025-01-28 19-04-40	High doses of Vitamin D and/or Calcium (Ca) can make the symptoms and complications of Hypophosphatasia worse
2025-01-28 19-07-37	Elevated serum Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate (PLP, Vitamin B6) can help diagnose Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-28 19-14-02	It is possible to have normal serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels periodically with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-28 19-14-27	It is common for people with low Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity to have Zinc (Zn) and/or Magnesium (Mg) deficiency
2025-01-28 19-18-53	Hypophosphatasia can cause Hyperphosphatemia and Hypercalcuria
2025-01-28 19-22-01	Most people with Hypophosphatasia are diagnosed before age 18
2025-01-28 19-22-04	Most people diagnosed with Hypophosphatasia suspect that they had symptoms during childhood
2025-01-28 19-22-32	A Ketogenic Diet can reduce the progression of Knee Osteoarthritis via inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in rats who maintain Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels ~ 3.0 mM compared to control rats with BHB levels ~0.4-0.8 mM independent of weight. Ketogenic diet protein composition ~10.9% kcal and control diet protein composition ~18.3% kcal.
2025-01-28 19-22-50	Osteocalcin may be a useful biomarker to track in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-28 19-23-14	Magnesium (Mg) deficiency may cause low Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity
2025-01-28 19-24-17	Manganese (Mn) deficiency may cause low Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity
2025-01-28 19-25-24	Magnesium (Mg) deficiency can cause reduced Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity in several tissues including bone
2025-01-28 19-26-35	Lumbar Spine T scores for Bone Mineral Density (BMD) may be normal or higher than normal in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-28 19-42-00	Serum Osteocalcin may be near the low end of normal in patients with Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-28 19-42-55	Reduced plasma Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and elevated plasma Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate (PLP, Vitamin B6), Pyrophosphate (PPi), and/or Phosphoethanolamine (PEA) can help diagnose Hypophosphatasia
2025-01-28 19-43-49	Reducing Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) function causes accumulation of Pyrophosphate (PPi), Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate (PLP, Vitamin B6), and Phosphoethanolamine (PEA)
2025-01-28 19-47-00	The urine Phosphoethanolamine (PEA)/Creatinine ratio is elevated in Hypophosphatasia patients
2025-01-28 19-47-07	Tissue Non-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNSALP) is found most in the liver, bone, and kidney
2025-01-28 19-54-04	~50% of patients with Hypophosphatasia have a ALPL gene variant
2025-01-28 19-54-20	Zinc (Zn) deficiency may cause low Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity
2025-01-31 14-23-42	A Ketogenic Diet can worsen the progression of Knee Osteoarthritis in mice who maintain Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels ~ 1.28 mM compared to control rats with BHB levels ~0.87 mM when ketogenic-diet-fed mice lose weight post-injury and control mice do not. This is potentially due to ketogenic-diet-induced changes in the Gut Microbiome. Ketogenic diet protein composition 22.4% of calories and control diet protein composition 24% of calories.
2025-01-31 14-40-42	A Ketogenic Diet can cause the accumulation of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-β-gal)/Senescent Cells in multiple organs in mice compared to a control diet independent of weight when blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels are maintained ~1.4-2.0 mM in the ketogenic diet group and ~0.8-0.9 mM in the control group. Ketogenic diet protein composition 9.2% of calories vs. control diet protein composition 25% of calories.
2025-01-31 15-16-59	A Ketogenic Diet can cause the accumulation of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-β-gal)/Senescent Cells in multiple organs in mice compared to a control diet independent of weight when Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels are maintained ~1.4-1.8 mM in the ketogenic group and ~0.8-1.0 mM in the control group. Ketogenic diet protein composition 10% of calories and control diet protein composition 10% of calories.
2025-01-31 15-26-35	An intermittent Ketogenic Diet does not cause the accumulation of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-β-gal)/Senescent Cells in multiple organs in mice compared to a control diet or to a continuous ketogenic diet
2025-01-31 15-53-41	A Ketogenic Diet causes the accumulation of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-β-gal)/Senescent Cells in multiple organs in mice via an increase in p53 activity.
2025-01-31 15-57-25	The accumulation of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-β-gal)/Senescent Cells in multiple organs in mice following a Ketogenic Diet is reversed upon stopping the diet.
2025-01-31 16-03-29	In vitro exposure to 4 mM Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increases the percentage of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in G0 Phase.
2025-01-31 16-05-19	In vitro exposure to 4 mM Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) reduces the percentage of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in S Phase.
2025-01-31 16-08-45	In vitro exposure of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) to 4 mM Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) reduces the accumulation of Senescent Cells.
2025-01-31 16-10-26	In vitro exposure of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) to 4 mM Acetoacetate (AcAc) does not reduce the accumulation of Senescent Cells.
2025-01-31 16-13-08	In vitro exposure of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) to 4 mM Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) induces Quiescence.
2025-01-31 16-36-26	Following a Ketogenic Diet continuously for 6 months while maintaining blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels between 0.5-3.0 mM can increase circulating markers of Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype.
2025-02-02 11-57-17	A serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) of ~40 U/L has been considered normal for lean men between 20-30 years old
2025-02-02 12-04-35	Epinephrine levels increase by 40 hours of Fasting
2025-02-02 12-08-43	Norepinephrine levels may increase by 40 hours of Fasting
2025-02-02 12-15-01	Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels increase to ~2.2 mM after 60 hours of Fasting
2025-02-02 12-20-40	Insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases plasma levels of Glucagon in rats
2025-02-02 12-22-18	Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia increases plasma Epinephrine levels in rats
2025-02-02 12-23-43	Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia does not increase plasma levels of Norepinephrine in rats
2025-02-02 12-27-47	Recurrent bouts of Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia increase plasma levels of Epinephrine to a lesser degree than acute bouts of insulin-induced hypoglycemia
2025-02-02 12-40-00	Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia increases plasma Norepinephrine in rats
2025-02-02 12-40-58	The plasma Epinephrine response to Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia in rats depends on the dose of insulin
2025-02-02 12-41-55	The plasma Norepinephrine response to Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia in rats depends on the dose of insulin
2025-02-02 12-42-50	Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia can increase plasma levels of Epinephrine in rats
2025-02-02 12-44-56	Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia can increase plasma levels of Norepinephrine in rats
2025-02-02 14-11-26	Serum Epinephrine increases at various timepoints throughout 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting
2025-02-02 14-12-44	Serum Norepinephrine increases at various timepoints throughout 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting
2025-02-02 14-13-42	Plasma Glucose decreases by the end of 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-16-01	Changes in plasma Glucose do not directly mirror changes in plasma Epinephrine during 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-16-36	Changes in plasma Glucose do not directly mirror changes in plasma Norepinephrine during 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-18-10	Plasma Norepinephrine fluctuates over the course of 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-18-42	Plasma Epinephrine fluctuates over the course of 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-20-09	Serum Cortisol increases during 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-21-16	Serum Cortisol fluctuates during 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-22-37	Serum Growth Hormone increases during 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-23-17	Serum Growth Hormone fluctuates during 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-24-56	Plasma Glucagon increases by the end of 72-hourFasting
2025-02-02 14-27-02	Serum Insulin can increase during the final few hours of 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-28-27	Serum Insulin decreases during 72-hour Fasting
2025-02-02 14-31-46	Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels do not change when switching to a Ketogenic Diet
2025-02-02 14-33-50	Serum Bicarbonate levels are reduced when switching to a Ketogenic Diet
2025-02-02 14-46-23	Serum Uric Acid levels increase when switching to a Ketogenic Diet
2025-02-02 14-48-08	Serum Free Fatty Acids (FFA) increase when switching to a Ketogenic Diet
2025-02-02 14-49-48	Triiodothyronine (T3) levels decrease by ~40% when switching to a Ketogenic Diet
2025-02-02 14-52-58	Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) increase plasma Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in people with Type 1 Diabetes even in the presence of increased plasma Insulin
2025-02-02 14-53-51	Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) increase plasma levels of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in people with Type 1 Diabetes even when plasma Insulin levels are increased
2025-02-02 14-55-33	Cognitive Performance is not reduced during Insulin-induced Hypocalcemia in people with Type 1 Diabetes when they take Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) during hypoglycemia
2025-02-02 15-00-47	Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia increases plasma Epinephrine in people with Type 1 Diabetes
2025-02-02 15-01-19	Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia increases plasma Norepinephrine in people with Type 1 Diabetes
2025-02-02 15-07-50	Taking Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) during Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia does not prevent an increase in plasma Epinephrine levels
2025-02-02 15-08-43	Taking Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) during Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia does not prevent an increase in plasma Norepinephrine levels
2025-02-02 15-11-11	Taking Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) during Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia does not impact the clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia
2025-02-02 15-15-56	Synaptic activity of rat hippocampal brain slices is improved by Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) during Hypoglycemia in vitro
2025-02-02 15-18-53	Synaptic activity of rat hippocampal brain slices is not improved by Octanoate (C8 MCT) during Hypoglycemia in vitro
2025-02-02 15-20-05	Cognitive Performance during Hypoglycemia is not reduced in people with Type 1 Diabetes when they take Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) during hypoglycemia due to an increase in plasma Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB)
2025-02-02 15-33-59	Some commercial devices for tracking Body Composition could be useful as cheaper alternatives to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
2025-02-05 16-52-35	Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) can improve hanging time during aging in mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day
2025-02-05 16-55-00	Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) can improve scores on the pole test in mice during aging at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day
2025-02-05 16-57-58	Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) reduces Muscle Atrophy in aging mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day
2025-02-05 17-01-43	Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) reduces β-Galactosidase (D-Galactosidase) expression in vitro in galactosidase-induced C2C12 mouse myoblast cells at a concentration of 100 nM
2025-02-05 17-09-19	Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) does not affect in vitro cell proliferation in β-Galactosidase (D-Galactosidase)-induced C2C12 mouse myoblast cells at concentrations of 25 nM, 50 nM, or 100 nM
2025-02-05 17-11-44	Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) increases cellular differentiation in vitro in β-Galactosidase (D-Galactosidase)-induced C2C12 mouse myoblast cells at a concentration of 100 nM