Assumptions

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2025-01-20 15-26-43	The difference between 1 preinjury fast day and 2.5 preinjury fast days in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022 - Figure 1C is statistically significant
2025-01-20 15-27-11	The difference between 2 preinjury fast days and 2.5 preinjury fast days in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022 - Figure 1C is statistically significant
2025-01-20 15-30-48	There is no difference between 1 preinjury fast day and 2 preinjury fast days in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022 - Figure 1C
2025-01-20 15-36-05	Every measurement of "days" in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022 corresponds to exactly 24 hours per day measured
2025-01-20 16-30-30	A Keto-Mojo meter was used to measure blood glucose in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022
2025-01-20 16-43-48	Mice in the Ketogenic Diet group continued to be fed a ketogenic diet during the 7 days following injury prior to sacrifice in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022
2025-01-20 16-49-31	The blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level of mice did not change between day 20 of a Ketogenic Diet and when they were sacrificed post-injury in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022
2025-01-20 20-25-36	The difference between groups in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022 - Figure 2F is statistically significant
2025-01-28 18-41-13	All calculations in melendez-heviaWeakLinkMetabolism2009 were performed for a person weighing 70 kg
2025-01-28 20-48-01	A Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycle would have had the same general effect on increasing total Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs) number regardless of mouse age in the brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 study
2025-01-28 20-48-16	% changes in circulating IGF1 levels act as an adequate proxy for assessing changes in IGF1 availability
2025-01-28 20-49-14	A Von Frey test is an appropriate test for assessing pain for knee Osteoarthritis in mice
2025-01-28 20-49-56	Aging effects Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs) the same way for humans as it does for mice
2025-01-28 20-50-38	A Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycle had the same general effect on increasing total Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs) number regardless of FMD cycle number in the brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 study
2025-01-28 20-51-20	A Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycle had the same general effect on BrdU incorporation into Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs) regardless of FMD cycle number in the brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 study
2025-01-28 20-52-50	A Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycle would have had the same general effect on BrdU incorporation into Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs) regardless of mouse age in the brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 study
2025-01-28 20-53-52	An Intervertebral Disc (IVD) puncture is an appropriate model for assessing IVD degeneration in rats
2025-01-28 21-01-20	Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) serve as a good control for assessing the number of Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells (VSELs) in mouse bone marrow in the grymulaPositiveEffectsProlonged2014 study
2025-01-28 21-01-34	Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve causes pain in similar ways in both mice and humans
2025-01-28 21-02-13	BrdU is an adequate marker of cell proliferation
2025-01-28 21-02-30	Intervertebral Disc (IVD) degeneration progresses similarly amongst rats of all ages in response to a puncture model
2025-01-28 21-03-50	Intervertebral Disc (IVD) degeneration progresses similarly between rats and humans
2025-01-28 21-05-34	Intraperitoneal injection of Urolithin A in mice will result in higher bioavailability than an equivalent dose taken by mouth in humans
2025-01-28 21-07-52	Other types of stem cells in the bone marrow (e.g. Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells (VSELs)) were not responsible for the increase in Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) after Prolonged Fasting in 72-hour-fasted mice in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014
2025-01-28 21-08-35	Sinovitis in all tissues is equally sensitive to treatment by Urolithin A
2025-01-28 21-10-33	Table 1 should show L5-S1 for patient 5 instead of L4-L5 based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images in Figure 1E and the patient's results in elabdIntradiscalInjectionAutologous2016
2025-01-28 21-10-51	The Protein Kinase A Catalytic Subunit (PKACα) siRNA used in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 had no off-target effects
2025-01-28 21-11-20	The behavioral tests used in wangUrolithinAlleviatesNeuropathic2023 are appropriate for assessing pain from constriction of the Sciatic Nerve
2025-01-28 21-11-25	The average cell dose in centenoTreatmentLumbarDegenerative2017 did not take into account any patient who had multiple injections
2025-01-28 21-12-39	The Calorie Restriction before Prolonged Fasting in clemmonsReductionPlasmaImmunoreactive1981 did not affect the changes in serum IGF1 levels seen during the fast
2025-01-28 21-13-21	The control values for serum IGF1 in clemmonsReductionPlasmaImmunoreactive1981 were measured at the 3rd day of Calorie Restriction immediately before the Prolonged Fasting period started
2025-01-28 21-16-06	The difference between the control group and the 250 mg/kg/day group in damicoUrolithinImprovesMitochondrial2022 - Figure 4D would be statistically significant if they used larger cohorts
2025-01-28 21-16-36	The knee Sinovitis observed in the model of knee Osteoarthritis in damicoUrolithinImprovesMitochondrial2022 is relevant to humans
2025-01-28 21-17-02	The difference between the control group and the 250 mg/kg/day group treated with a 4g filament in damicoUrolithinImprovesMitochondrial2022 - Figure 4A would be statistically significant if they used larger cohorts
2025-01-28 21-17-31	The difference between the control group and the 250 mg/kg/day group treated with a 4g filament in damicoUrolithinImprovesMitochondrial2022 - Figure 4B would be statistically significant if they used larger cohorts
2025-01-28 21-18-31	The difference between the control group and the 50 mg/kg/day group treated with a 4g filament in damicoUrolithinImprovesMitochondrial2022 - Figure 4B would be statistically significant if they used larger cohorts
2025-01-28 21-19-18	The effect of Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycles on Senescent Cells does not depend on age
2025-01-28 21-20-02	The effect of Urolithin A on Intervertebral Disc (IVD) degeneration in response to IVD puncture is the same for rats of all ages
2025-01-28 21-20-26	The human-equivalent dose for mouse data from usfdaEstimatingMaximumSafe2018 is relevant to all compounds
2025-01-28 21-20-46	The human-equivalent dose for rat data from usfdaEstimatingMaximumSafe2018 is relevant to all compounds
2025-01-28 21-21-27	The increase in Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) asymmetric Self-Renewal seen after 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting in mouse bone marrow in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 was not triggered earlier in the fasting time
2025-01-28 21-23-03	The lin-Sca1+CD45- cells analyzed in brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 - Figure 2T were all Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs)
2025-01-28 21-24-08	The monthly Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) was administered consecutively to mice in the longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 patent
2025-01-28 21-24-12	The maximum food intake by rats in whiteEffectsAgeFeeding2000 would have been 22-23 grams per day for the age range between between the two ranges tested if it were monitored
2025-01-28 21-24-30	The mean FRI change scores in Table 1 of centenoTreatmentLumbarDegenerative2017 are all negative values
2025-01-28 21-24-43	The mean NPS change scores in Table 1 of centenoTreatmentLumbarDegenerative2017 are all negative values
2025-01-28 21-25-18	The methods used to assess Intervertebral Disc (IVD) hydration in orozcoIntervertebralDiscRepair2011 are valid
2025-01-28 21-25-34	The mice in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 underwent 72 hours of Prolonged Fasting when their tissues were harvested unless explicitly stated otherwise.
2025-01-28 21-26-33	The mouse Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) used in longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 was the same as the mouse FMD used in brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015
2025-01-28 21-28-50	The number of p16- Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) did not increase in 22-month-old mice at 24 hours after Refeeding following two consecutive Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycles in longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 - Figure 1D
2025-01-28 21-29-23	The pain from all types of Osteoarthritis is equally sensitive to treatment by Urolithin A
2025-01-28 21-31-00	The results for Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in the HSC graph in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 - Figure 4D are statistically significant for the PF group compared with the Ctrl group
2025-01-28 21-31-22	The progression of pain from knee Osteoarthritis in mice in damicoUrolithinImprovesMitochondrial2022 is similar to that of humans
2025-01-28 21-31-23	The results for Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in the HSC graph in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 - Figure 2B are statistically significant for both PF cycles
2025-01-28 21-31-35	The results for Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in the HSC graph in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 - Figure 4D are not statistically significant for the Ctrl group compared with the PF+IGF1 group
2025-01-28 21-32-52	The reduction in IGF1 availability during a fast is responsible for the effects of Prolonged Fasting and Refeeding on Senescent Cells
2025-01-28 21-34-31	The progression of knee Osteoarthritis in damicoUrolithinImprovesMitochondrial2022 is similar to that of humans
2025-01-28 21-35-03	The progression of all types of Osteoarthritis is equally sensitive to treatment by Urolithin A
2025-01-28 21-35-29	The pre-injection epidural injection of Platelet Lysate (PL) had no meaningful impact on the measured outcomes in centenoTreatmentLumbarDegenerative2017
2025-01-28 21-36-20	The post-injection epidural injection of Platelet Lysate (PL) had no meaningful impact on the measured outcomes in centenoTreatmentLumbarDegenerative2017
2025-01-28 21-36-55	The pain from all types of Neuropathy are equally sensitive to treatment by Urolithin A
2025-01-29 09-33-38	The results for Bone Marrow Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells (BM LT-HSCs) in the HSC graph in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 - Figure 4D are statistically significant for the PF group compared with the PF+IGF1 group
2025-01-29 09-33-55	The results for cas3+ cells in figure 1C of the longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 patent would be the same during a Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycle as they are shown at the end of an FMD cycle
2025-01-29 09-34-34	The results for cas3+ cells in figure 1C of the longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 patent would be the same regardless of the number of consecutive Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycles performed
2025-01-29 09-35-00	The results for cas3+p16+ cells in figure 1D of the longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 patent would be the same during a Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycle as they are shown at the end of an FMD cycle
2025-01-29 09-35-27	The results for cas3+p16+ cells in figure 1D of the longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 patent would be the same regardless of the number of consecutive Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycles performed
2025-01-29 09-35-44	The results for lean mass in 28-month-old mice in brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 - Figure 1I would hold true for mice at any age
2025-01-29 09-36-02	The results for lean mass in 28-month-old mice in the brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 - Figure 1I would hold true for mice after any number of Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) cycles
2025-01-29 09-36-29	The results for lin-Sca1+CD45- cells in brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 - Figure 2T can be extrapolated to all types of mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMMSCs)
2025-01-29 09-37-15	The results for lutzClinicalOutcomesFollowing2022 can be extrapolated to all Intervertebral Disc (IVD) issues
2025-01-29 09-37-53	The results of patents are reliable even though they are not peer-reviewed
2025-01-29 09-39-30	The results shown in benjaminFastingInducesHighly2022 - Figure 1C are due specifically to blood Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels and not to other physiological changes that occur during fasting
2025-01-29 09-39-49	The statistical significance label for the UA group in shiUrolithinAlleviatesOxidative2021 - Figure 7D is comparing the UA group to the IDD group, not an H2O2 group as suggested by the figure description
2025-01-29 09-39-53	The statistical significance label for the UA group in shiUrolithinAlleviatesOxidative2021 - Figure 7B is comparing the UA group to the IDD group, not an H2O2 group as suggested by the figure description
2025-01-29 09-40-30	The statistical significance label for the UA group in shiUrolithinAlleviatesOxidative2021 - Figure 8B is comparing the UA group to the IDD group, not an H2O2 group as suggested by the figure description
2025-01-29 09-40-51	The statistical significance label for the UA group in shiUrolithinAlleviatesOxidative2021 - Figure 8D is comparing the UA group to the IDD group, not an H2O2 group as suggested by the figure description
2025-01-29 09-41-08	The statistical significance label for the UA group in shiUrolithinAlleviatesOxidative2021 - Figure 8E is comparing the UA group to the IDD group, not an H2O2 group as suggested by the figure description
2025-01-29 09-41-42	The total number of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) was no different between fasting and non-fasting groups in the grymulaPositiveEffectsProlonged2014 study
2025-01-29 09-41-58	The total number of CD45+ cells is no different between groups in chengProlongedFastingReduces2014 -figure 5C
2025-01-29 09-42-22	The total number of cells in the bone marrow of 20.5-month-old is no different than that of 8-10-month-old mice
2025-01-29 09-42-39	The total number of cells in the bone marrow of 20.5-month-old mice were no different between control and FMD groups in the brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 study
2025-01-29 09-45-39	p16+ LT-HSCs did not differentiate into other cells (e.g. p16+ ST-HSCs or p16+ MPPs) in 22-month-old mice at 24 hours after refeeding following two consecutive FMD cycles in longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 - Figure 1D
2025-01-29 09-46-09	p16 is a marker of senescence in humans
2025-01-29 09-46-50	The total number of cells in the bone marrow of FMD-treated mice and age-matched controls is no different in brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 - Figure 2T
2025-01-29 09-46-53	There is a human equivalent of the FMD administered to mice in the brandhorstPeriodicDietThat2015 study
2025-01-29 09-46-59	There were 2 patients who received intradiscal injection of MSCs into both the L5-S1 and L4-L5 discs in orozcoIntervertebralDiscRepair2011
2025-01-29 09-47-38	Urolithin A was dosed as mg/kg of body weight in damicoUrolithinImprovesMitochondrial2022
2025-01-29 09-47-47	Urolithin A was dosed as mg/kg of body weight in linUrolithinAinducedMitophagy2020
2025-01-29 09-47-53	Urolithin A was dosed as mg/kg of body weight in shiUrolithinAlleviatesOxidative2021
2025-01-29 09-48-06	There is a human equivalent of the FMD administered to mice in the longoUtilizationFastingMimickingDiet2023 patent
2025-01-29 09-50-38	cas3 is a marker of apoptosis in human cells
2025-01-29 09-50-41	p16 accumulates in human cells the same way it does in mouse cells
2025-01-31 15-13-30	Protein intake does not impact the effect of a ketogenic diet on Osteoarthritis progression
2025-02-02 15-02-59	The effect of Hypoglycemia on plasma Epinephrine levels is independent of blood Insulin levels